Music Industry

 Friday 5th November 2021                                           

                                                              Music Magazines 

L:O: To explore the magazine industry ownership, regulation & revenue.

Conglomerate= a large co-operation 

Globalised= develop or be developed so as to make international influence or operation possible.

Diversity = enlarge or vary its range of products or field of operation.

Regulation = the action or process of regulating or being regulated.

Revenue = income, especially when of an organisation and of a substantial nature.

Circulation= the number of copies sold of a newspaper or magazine.

publishers 

Whats on Tv= Future plc

Radio Times= Hubert Burda Media 

Tv choice=   Bauer Media Group

take a break =Bauer Media Group

good Housekeeping= Hearst communications 

glamour= Conde Nast 

inside soap= Hearst magazines uk

How many magazines does Bauer own? over 600 worldwide 

What Uk magazines does it publish? Mojo 

How have the diversified the MOJO brand?  website 

What other types of media companies does Bauer own? Media, music tv channels 

The 2 agencies that regulate magazines in the uk are The Independent Press Standards Organisation and Independent Monitor for the Press.

Bauer joined IPSO..

1) Bauer 

2) Ipso 

3) they are not owned by UK companies

4) it has radios an digital prints aswell

5) Adverts and and prints 

Friday 12th November 2021

                                                     Music Genres

L/o: To identify and explain different music genres.

pop

jazz 

hip hop 

country 

rock 

reggae

heavy metal

k-pop

drill

rnb 

soul music 

gospel 

disco 

instrumental

Rock

1.) Usually men with long messy hair sometimes moustaches, often using guitars or drums. Often a band, tend to be white, mainly men.

2.) Typically centred on the amplified electric guitar and drums, fast pace 

3.) They tend to sing about relationships or social/political issues.

Pop

1.) 

2.)  good rhythm, catchy melody, easy to remember and sing along to 

3.) Mainly dominated by females, typically focused on simple themes often love and romantic relationships 

RnB

1.)

2.)  often driven by keyboards, synthesisers, strong bass lines and looped drum beats

3.)  often encapsulates the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy.

Predominately people of black ethnicity.

The target audience for RnB is often teenagers and young adults between 14-25 and is generally female.

Magazines and radio stations that feature RnB:

- echoes 

- the RnB channel 

- kiss fresh 

- BBC 1xtra 

-MOJO magazine 

- elle each 

- Grazia magazine 

Friday 19th November 2021

                                                 Music Magazines 

L/O: To explore the terminology and genres of popular music magazines

Typography means the way text looks.

Layout means the design of the page. 

Lexis is why they have chosen certain words.

Colour palette is the main colours used. 

Mise-en-scene is everything you can see. Clothes, hair&makeup, facial expression&pose, props, background&setting and lighting.

Pop Music covers 

 

colour palette: black,pink, green,blue, yellow

image content&shot type: mid shot, medium long shot, single person

Typography (font size & style): sans seriff, size depends on the shot.

Lexis: 

Friday 3rd November 2021

                                             MOJO Audience

MOJO covers both established and emerging musicians. 

Each month you get reviews, a cover feature, a cd and a filter.

MOJO and their readers are passionate about music.

MOJO covers all genres as long as they

    

Class: equal share of middle class and working class readers

Gender: four times as likely to be read by men than women

Age: about 65% are over 35, but a higher proportion of 15-34 year old (a smaller group) read it.

More niche audience- very specific target audience 

A well payed job

uses streaming services- spotify, youtube,amazon music, CDs

passionate, professional

middle aged man

children- daughter and son

enjoys going to gigs

mainly likes rock

Personal identity

-could relate to artists and writers

-could hear about artists from his youth

Information

-about bands he already likes 

-new bands 

Entertainment

-listen to the CD

-reading the stories about the band

Social Interaction

-tell their friends 

-use social media to discuss it- other peoples opinion

Friday 7th January 2022

                                             Cover Analysis

L.O: To analyse the cover of a magazine, linking it to genre and audience.

'babyboomer' generation- people born between 1946 and 1964.

diversification- the process of a company or business expanding their market. (mojo online)

audience address- how the text speaks to the audience and involves and influences them

discerning-showing good judgment or taste

house style- a company's preferred manner of presentation and layout of written material

codes and conventions- technical, written and symbolic tools used to construct or suggest meaning in media forms and products

intertextuality-when a specific cultural reference is made in a media text

shot type - medium close up of Dave Grohl staring straight forward

star vehicle - Dave Grohl

colour palette - The colour palette is yellow blue and black with splashes of red. These colours are often seen as more masculine. The colours red and black are often associated with rock bands. The target audience all share an interest in rock meaning they are more likely to pick up the magazine 

blue yellow black splashes of red

bands/artists mentioned- The bands/artists are all male and mostly rock for example lou reed, spirit and Ian Dury. This links into the fact that MOJO mostly covers rock bands. Their audience are mostly male and they are generally known to like rock music more. If the target audience see these familiar names they are more likely to buy the magazine so they can read about what they enjoy.

masthead style- san serif 

main cover style- cow boy films, block caps, serif 

minor cover line- 

puff- 

usp - cd 

placement of text- to the left and right of the page 

Friday 14th January 2022

                                         DIRT 

L.O: To reflect and improve on exam style analysis 

Miss Mac's comments  

MOJO AUDIENCE: Great notes & understanding of U&G COVER ANALYSIS 1: WWW: A great start. You've attempted to link the cover elements to the audience. EBI: Write the analysis in full sentences and try linking to genre conventions and Uses & Gratifications too.

The bands/artists are all male and mostly rock for example Lou reed, spirit and Ian Dury. This links into the fact that MOJO mostly covers rock bands, however the blue indicates that MOJO covers more than just rock and is different from other rock magazines. Their audience are mostly male and they are generally known to like rock music more. If the target audience see these familiar names they are more likely to buy the magazine so they can read about what they enjoy. 

L.O: to refine analysis of magazine covers.

1) cluttered

2) the target audience are not organised people 

3) saturated 

4) the audience are mostly female, lively upbeat magazine linking to pop conventions

1) ordered 

2) readers are sophisticated 

3) muted 

4) clamer,  simple  

Friday 21st January 2022

                               

                                         Cover Analysis

L.O: to refine analysis of magazine covers

1) sans serif 

2) modern, clean looking, masculine, block capitals appeal to masculine target audience

3) handwritten- script font 

4) colour- he's ginger

    font- he writes his own songs

1)sans serif, sab serif

2) more masculine audience 

3)block capitals, big, stands out 

4) big and block capitals= artist is well known

    

1) long shot

2) long shot of a band is a rock genre convention

3)uses informal register

4) the magazine is laid back and chill, appeal to younger audience 

1) medium close up

2) to focus on the props- jewellery, matches genre conventions 

3) informal register

4) matches genre conversations 

The font style is serif. Serif is known to be more feminine, this may mean the target audience are mostly female. The main image is a close up. This connotes that the writers music is personal and has alot of meaning.

Friday 4th February 2022

                                        Representation  

L/O: to explore the concept of representation in music magazines.

Taylor Swift 

The text is in the font 'script'. It looks like it is handwritten. This connotes that Taylor swift is more feminine however it may mean that she handwrites her music.

Her pose is simple and light. This may suggest that she is innocent and doesn't take things seriously.

The setting is outside. This may mean she is natural  which would make sense when you see the pose.

Her hair and clothes are quite feminine. The colour white is seen as pure and innocent.

The jewellery is a cross. This may suggest that he is religious or does it to appear more innocent. It also connotes he has wealth and is making money

His expression and pose looks serious. This connotes  

hair and clothes= The bullet proof suggests that he is involved in dangerous situations, he's under threat.

Tattoos connote that he is tough and rebellious. They could be associated with gangs. 

The setting is in the city in a dark, dirty street. Matches the world he lives in. 

The text is bald and in block capitals connote, this suggests masculinity. 

masculine, passionate, loud, talented 

Q

serious 

proud 

stereotypical

Total guitar 

aggressive 

passionate

fun

Rock Crusader 

humorous

passionate

She is wearing a pink, v-lined dress. Dresses and the colour pink are more feminine. Her name,Miley is in pink, this could suggest she has found love as the colour is closely linked with that feeling. The v-lined style dress may suggest she is for the male gaze. The setting is outside this connotes that she likes nature and is pure. Contradicting the innocent manner, she has tattoos. This may suggest she is rebellious and has her own identity. 

Friday 4th March 2022

             

                            Media Language in Music Videos

Question 1

1.)  Bauer Media Group publish and own MOJO magazine.

2.) IPSO regulate magazines and newspaper in the uk.

3.) MOJO magazine is mostly rock however it does include more.

4.) Conglomerate is a the term used to describe a company that branches out in other media areas.  

5.) A media convergence is the coming together of different platforms.

Question 2 

They use different registers of language to influence their audience differently. An example of this is 

Friday 18th March 2022

            

                                        Music Videos

Pair 2 

artist- Beyonce 

name of song- If i were a boy

genre- pop, R&B 

release date- October 8, 2008 

what is the song about?-  the misunderstandings between the genders and the male side of relationships.

what happens in the video? - Beyonce lives life as if she is her partner for the day

who features in the video? -Beyonce 

artist- Mark Ronson ftBruno Mars

name of song- uptown funk

genre- pop, funk

release date- 11 January 2015 

what is the song about?- uptown funk is an attitude, with a level of cockiness. A 'look at me attitude', everyone wants to be like him.

what happens in the video?- the singer dances  with a number of people in various locations.

who features in the video?- Bruno Mars, The Hooligans

Friday 25th March 2022

                                 Music Videos 

L.O: To explore this section of the unit and research chosen case studies.

Beyonce: If i were a boy 

Beyonce uses the if i were a boy music video to promote het talent in story telling. Usually in her music video is up dancing, singing to the camera man, in this music video she is featured as apart of the narrative. She is showing the audience the meaning of the song through her actions instead of telling them directly. 

Bruno Mars: Uptown Funk

Bruno mars uses his music video to show his talent and dance

Beyonce's music video mostly shows narrative. In the video she lives the day how she imagines her partner does. For example ignoring the breakfast he made for her and flirting with his co worker. At the end of the video it switches to 'reality' and her confronting him for his actions.

Music conventions performance: Uptown funk

Main focus on artist or band 

lip-syncing, perform to camera

Music conventions narrative: 

Features artist, tells a story 

Friday 1st April 2022

L.O: to examine the use of media language in music videos.

Uptown Funk

Costume- smart casual suits, retro feel, 80s vibe. Bruno wears brighter colours (pink,white) stands out more compared to the rest shows his high status. bright colours make them stand out from the background

Light&colour- high key lighting, saturated, bright ,lots of colour fits pop genre conventions

Setting- hair salon& shoe - supposed to give it a light hearted feel, don't take themselves seriously, sense of humour. 

Performance - centre front, shows his importance, dancing- shows talent

Props- older cars (classic), jewellery connotes that they're 'cool' and are wealthy meaning they are successful

If I Were a Boy

costume, hair&makeup- women in a police uniform, man in casual shirt shows a normal couple. simplistic hair and makeup breaks stereotypes

props- jewellery shows they have money, ethnic minorities are usually shown as poor whereas they have money- success.  

Setting- in an american city fits r&b genre conventions

Lighting&Colour- monochrome, low key lighting different to her usual upbeat performance music videos, unsaturated to show the seriousness and not distract from the meaning of the song

Performance- 

Friday 8th April 2022

The tone of the song is upbeat and happy. The costumes are bright and colourful which matches pop conventions and the upbeat happy vibe.

I think the positioning of Bruno Mars and the colour palette stands out the most. He is always positioned in the middle slightly in front of everyone else. The song 'Uptown Funk' has a egotistical tone, putting Bruno at the front puts him above everyone else highlighting his star power. He is the only person in pink which makes him standout even more.

I think Beyonce shot this in monochrome and chose to have a more narrative style music video to show the serious message the song has. The use of monochrome stops the audience getting distracted by the background and instead on the narrative. 

Low key lighting is used on Beyonce's character when her work colleague is whispering in her ear . By using low key lighting in this scene Beyonce's face is half coloured with low key lighting and the rest high key. The low key lighting could suggest to her audience that she is two faced and hiding something. However it could be two show the inequality between men and woman because the mans face behind her is completely high key lighting. 

In the this part of the video when her and her partner are speaking directly to the camera Beyonce. Here the lighting style has changed from low key to high key. In my opinion this part of the video is this way to highlight what they are talking about which is what they want in a relationship. However, it could also show the equality between her and her partner an dhow they both want the same things.

In one the part of the music video Beyonce is wearing a police uniform. They have done this because stereotypically men are police officers and it is not seen as a job women can do. Beyonce doing this in her music video goes against gender stereotypes and shows that women are just as capable as men. 

The music videos for Bruno Mars' 'Uptown Funk' and Beyonce If i Were a Boy' have a very contrasting use of lighting and colour. For example If I Were a Boy is filmed in monochrome, lowkey lighting with a few bits of high key lighting whereas Uptown Funk is very saturated, colourful and just highkey lighting. The styles contrast because Beyonce has a serious tone and mood whereas Bruno Mars is more fun and upbeat which matches pop conventions. 

Friday 29th April 2022

        

                                         Camerawork

L/O: to explore how camerawork is used to create meaning in music videos.

Shot Type 

Angle 

Movement 

If I Were a Boy: naturalistic

Uptown Funk: expressionistic 

2)  2 person mid shot

     used to show her facial expressions and how close the 2 people are 

in a group of people only focused on them

     

3) close up 

    avoid distractions, shes talking about what she wants in a relationship 

   

4) close up 

low angle 

used to show his star power, makes him seem above everyone else status wise 

5) close up

    high angle                     

 used to show she is in the wrong meant to make her seem like she is the weaker person 

being confronted about her close relationship with her colleague 

6) dutch angle long shot 

   used to make bruno seem creative, out of the ordinary and fun

The camera movement in uptown funk is energetic. For example, at one point in the video a whip roll is used. The energetic camera work fits the tone of the song because it makes them seem out of the ordinary linking to the high status he is trying to portray.

Friday 6th May 2022

L/O: To explore how sound and editing are used to create meaning in music videos.

Diegetic sound are those from the inside of the text that the characters can hear.

Non-diegetic sounds are sounds outside the world of the film that the characters cannot hear.

If I Were A Boy diegetic sound

 door closing, car door opening, placing earring down = add realism, support narrative 

non-diegetic- fuzzy distorted sound when the switch happens

Uptown Funk has no diegetic sounds because there is no narrative

Editing 

order of shots/shot choices 

continuity 

transitions

shot duration 

pace and rhythm

special effects 

Linear: if i were a boy 

events are edited/presented in chronological order 

(beginning, middle,end)

more traditional/ cinematic

Non-linear: uptown funk

out of order editing. No clear distinction of time 

events are cut up and rearranged.(beginning- middle- end is unclear)

more abstract/expressionistic 

Uptown Funk in a non-linear order. The shots have no perception of time and they are shown in no particular.

IIWAB is in linear order, it has a slower pace and their are fewer cuts.

Explain one way in which music videos use media language to differ from each other.

difference in colours- monochrome vs saturated 

 

One way the media language differs in my music videos is editing. For example in IIWAB it is monochrome where as in Uptown Funk the colours are saturated. This has been done to show the difference in tone. IIWAB is a serious narrative style music video, being shot in monochrome stops the audience being distracted. Where as in Uptown funk it is saturated to show the music videos fun lighter tone.

Friday 13th May 2022

                                          Representation 

 L/O: to explore how representations are constructed in music videos.  

Representation:

stereotypes

countertype

masculine/feminine 

powerful,dominant,weak

objectified/objectification

underrepresentation   

uptown funk

women:

womens leg in heels

sexually objectified 

Ethnicity:subverts stereotypes (wealth, shoe shining scene 

  

men: sexually objectify women

Bruno Mars:

cocky, arrogant ( hair salon)

IIWAB

Men: colleague sexually objectifies Beyonce, 

women: sexually objectified by men 

Friday 20th May 2022

                                     

L/O: To explain how representations are constructed in music videos.

IIWAB seems like it subverts gender stereotypes, however by seeing Beyonce as a 'masculine' role it supports them by showing that is how a man is meant to and does act. 

long shot

Men staring at the womens body 

not seeing the womens face shows men view women as sexual objects

In uptown funk women are sexually objectified, most scenes of women they are wearing small amounts of clothes. They are also seen doing 'female roles' when the women is getting her hair done

In IIWAB women are sexually objectified throughout most of the video. For example when she is getting dressed.  She subverts usual 'female roles' by being a police officer. 

If I were a boy subverts gender stereotypes by showing a women being independent and strong whilst a man is being emotional thoughtful.  

Friday 27th May 2022

L/O: To explain the construction of representation in music videos.

Love is represented in IIWAB as stereotypical, heterosexual relationships. Men are represented as unfaithful and dishonest throughout the relationship shown through Beyonce's character. Women are seen as the caring, faithful person in the relationship, following usual gender stereotypes. However IIWAB subverts usual ethnicity gender stereotypes by having both main characters as wealthy black citizens. Beyonce is represented as a 'normal' person, she has a normal job and shows a vulnerable side celebrities, especially someone of Beyonce's status, don't usually show. 

Uptown Funk follows gender stereotypes, women are sexually objectified by only showing their body and not including their face, dehumanising women. Whereas men are seen in full body shots. Bruno Mars is shown to have a high status using camera work. He is placed directly in the middle at the front, the camera almost always following Bruno's moves.

                                                     LIVE LOUNGE

Tuesday 5th April 2022

L.O: to research the case studies and artists involved. 

Holly Humberstone

age: 22 years old

background: British singer songwriter, grew up in rural Lincolnshire went to Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts

where is she from?: Grantham

genre?: alternative/indie

albums: 

performed at Glastonbury Festival 2019 on the BBC Introducing stage

signed with Polydor Records UK 

interscope records in the US

signed a publishing deal with Universal Music Publishing Group

awarded the Brit Award For Rising Stars -given to her by Sam Fender  

Tuesday 3rd May 2022

                     

                                Radio Industry and Audiences 

          

L/O: To explore the industry and audience behind Live Lounge 

Public service broadcasting is when something is broadcasted for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests.

1) 10

2) 40 

3) an annual television licence fee  

4) heart- commercial

5) heart 

classic fm 

magic network

kiss 

magic

6) website 

bbc sounds app 

tv, car, computer  

Radio 1: age range 15-29 addressed by presenters close to the age of the main listeners demographic  

Radio 2: age demographic of 35+ 

Radio 4: average demographic of 54

bright, vibrant colours attract younger audience - positive fun vibe 

few darker colours- alternative group

mention popular artists- Drake, Harry Styles 

trending songs 'First Class'- a younger audience would recognise this from other apps for example tiktok 

Media convergence is the merging (or joining together) of previously distinct media to create entirely new forms of communication expression.

1) product shared everywhere

2) get their hands on a  well made product 

3) easily accessible 

Tuesday 17th May 2022

                           Live Lounge appeal and format.

L.O: TO EXPLORE THE FORMAT OF THE SHOW AND IT'S APPEAL 

T4: How are the wider audience protected when listening to Radio 1? 

 One way the audience is protected is appropriate scheduling. For example the life advice is on at 6-7, a time were younger audiences aren't likely to be listening. Another way the audience is protected is announcement for example the black eyes peas announcement warning parents their may be swear words.

The show being available on two stations makes it available for more people if,  someone cant sign up they can still access it. This will also interest a different ,wider target audience. 

Ricky, Melvin & Charlie currently host the the live lounge. 

Personal identity- relating to artist 

Information- about the artist 

Entertainment- listen to song and cover 

Social interaction- mentions events to go to cover song- starts a conversation comment on youtube 

Tuesday 7th June 2022

                                           Exam Format

L.O: To understand exam style questions and practice exam technique. 

The live lounge appeals to the audience through the presenters. Most of their presenters are young, they are trying to reach a target audience of 15-29 years old. By having younger presenters it makes it easier for them to relate to the younger audience for example their use of slang. One of the presenters used the word 'sick' to describe the performance the use of informal 'slang' makes them see easy going and relatable to the audience. 

The live lounge fits to the BBC remit by providing both music and speech. They do this by interviewing guests between songs.

Question 1, 2 and 3 could be on radio

Question 1 (1 mark)

regulates radio in the UK:  OFCOM

who owns radio 1 : BBC

what is public service broadcasting: for the publics benefit

what is the term meaning the merging of previously separate media forms in one entity: convergence  

 

Question 2 (4 marks)

One advantage of listening to content online is you can skip songs or parts they dislike. This gives the audience more freedom in what they listen to making them prefer online over live as they do not have listen to the whole thing. Another advantage is the audience can catch up from what they missed and wont miss shows.

Question 3 (10 marks)

Producers of radio programmes target different audiences by playing a range of songs from various artists. This means that they will reach a wider variety of people of different ages

Thursday 1st May 2023

 Exam Format

L/O: to explore the possible exam tasks for the Music Industry unit.

Q1: 1 mark any area
Q2: 4 marks- any area
Q3: 10 marks- radio or MV
Q4: 5 marks- mag or MV media language&representation
Q5:15 mark- mag - media language 

media language: mise-en-scene, editing,sound, camera work